管道支座是直接支承管道并承受管道作用力的管路附件。它的作用是支撐管道和限制管道位移。支座承受管道重力和由內壓、外載荷溫度變化引起的作用力,并將這些荷載傳遞到建筑結構或地面的管道構件上。
活動(dong)支座(zuo)(zuo)是允許管(guan)道和(he)(he)支承結構有相對位移的管(guan)道支座(zuo)(zuo)。活動(dong)支座(zuo)(zuo)按其構造和(he)(he)功能(neng)分(fen)為滑動(dong)、滾動(dong)、彈簧(huang)、懸吊和(he)(he)導(dao)向(xiang)等支座(zuo)(zuo)形式。
滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)與支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)架是(shi)由安裝在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子上的鋼制管(guan)(guan)(guan)托(tuo)與下面(mian)(mian)的支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承結構(gou)構(gou)成。它承受管(guan)(guan)(guan)道的垂(chui)直荷(he)載,允許管(guan)(guan)(guan)道在(zai)(zai)水平方向滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)位移。根據管(guan)(guan)(guan)托(tuo)橫截(jie)面(mian)(mian)的形(xing)(xing)狀,有曲(qu)面(mian)(mian)槽式(shi)(shi)、丁字(zi)托(tuo)式(shi)(shi)和弧形(xing)(xing)板式(shi)(shi)等(deng)。前兩(liang)種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi),管(guan)(guan)(guan)道由支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)托(tuo)住,滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)低(di)于保(bao)溫(wen)層,保(bao)溫(wen)層不會受到損壞(huai)。弧形(xing)(xing)板式(shi)(shi)滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)的滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)直接(jie)附在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道壁上,因(yin)此(ci)安裝支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)時要(yao)去掉(diao)保(bao)溫(wen)層,但管(guan)(guan)(guan)道安裝位置可以低(di)一些(xie)。
滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)是由安裝在(zai)管子上的(de)(de)鋼(gang)制管托與設置在(zai)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承結(jie)構上的(de)(de)輥軸(zhou)、滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)柱或滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠盤等部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)構成。輥軸(zhou)式(shi)和滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)柱式(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo),管道(dao)軸(zhou)向位移(yi)時,管托與滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)間為滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)摩(mo)擦,摩(mo)擦系數在(zai)0.1以(yi)下;但管道(dao)橫向位移(yi)時仍為滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)摩(mo)擦。滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠盤式(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo),管道(dao)水平各(ge)向移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)均為滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)摩(mo)擦。滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)需進(jin)行必要的(de)(de)維護,使(shi)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)保持正(zheng)常狀態,一般只用(yong)在(zai)架空敷設管道(dao)上。
懸(xuan)吊(diao)支(zhi)架(jia)常(chang)用在室(shi)內(nei)供(gong)熱(re)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)上。管(guan)道(dao)(dao)用抱箍(gu)、吊(diao)桿等桿件懸(xuan)吊(diao)在承力結構下面(mian)。懸(xuan)吊(diao)支(zhi)架(jia)構造簡單(dan),管(guan)道(dao)(dao)伸(shen)縮(suo)阻力小;管(guan)道(dao)(dao)位移(yi)時(shi)吊(diao)桿搖動,因各(ge)支(zhi)架(jia)吊(diao)桿擺動幅度不(bu)一(yi)(yi),難以保(bao)證管(guan)道(dao)(dao)軸線(xian)為一(yi)(yi)直線(xian),因此,管(guan)道(dao)(dao)熱(re)補(bu)償需用不(bu)受管(guan)道(dao)(dao)彎曲變形影(ying)響的補(bu)償器(qi)。
彈簧(huang)支座(zuo)(zuo)的構造(zao)一般由在滑(hua)動支座(zuo)(zuo)、滾(gun)動支座(zuo)(zuo)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)托下或在懸(xuan)吊支座(zuo)(zuo)的構件中加彈簧(huang)構成。其特(te)點是允許管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)水平位(wei)移,并可適(shi)應管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的垂直位(wei)移,使支座(zuo)(zuo)承受(shou)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)垂直荷載變化不大(da)(da)。常用于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)有(you)較大(da)(da)的垂直位(wei)移處,以防止管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)脫(tuo)離支座(zuo)(zuo),致使相(xiang)鄰支座(zuo)(zuo)和相(xiang)應管(guan)(guan)(guan)段受(shou)力(li)過大(da)(da),
導向(xiang)(xiang)支(zhi)座(zuo)是只(zhi)允(yun)許(xu)管(guan)道軸向(xiang)(xiang)伸縮,限制(zhi)管(guan)道橫向(xiang)(xiang)位移的(de)支(zhi)座(zuo)形式。其構造(zao)通常是在滑動(dong)支(zhi)座(zuo)或滾(gun)動(dong)支(zhi)座(zuo)沿管(guan)道軸向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)管(guan)托兩側(ce)設置導向(xiang)(xiang)擋板(ban)。導向(xiang)(xiang)支(zhi)座(zuo)的(de)主要作用是防(fang)止管(guan)道縱向(xiang)(xiang)失穩,保證補償器正常工作。